{"product_id":"9781841767123","title":"Crusader Castles of the Teutonic Knights (2) : The stone castles of Latvia and Estonia 1185–1560","description":"\u003cstrong\u003eCrusader Castles of the Teutonic Knights (2)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthor(s): Stephen Turnbull\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe original forced conversion of pagan Livonia, what is now the Baltic states of Latvia and Estonia, was carried out by a military order known as the Brethren of the Sword. In 1236 this order was incorporated into the Teutonic Knights following a catastrophic military defeat. The knights had always consolidated their conquests through networks of castles and fortified places, and the Livonian Chapter of the Teutonic Order built castles of stone. This title covers the developmental and operational history of these fortresses over the length of the Middle Ages. It details how the Baltic fortifications of the Teutonic Knights evolved to reflect the changing nature of siege warfare and the increasing dominance of gunpowder in warfare.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReview(s):\u003cbr\u003e“David Nicolle's Teutonic Knight 1190-1561 offers unusual in-depth detail on one of the most famous Crusading Orders in history, which undertook campaigns in the Baltic against pagan Prussians and Christian Poles. Details include not only extensive historic notes but plenty of detail on military and religious sentiments and organizations of the times.” —\u003ci\u003eThe California Bookwatch (January 2008)\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eISBN:  9781841767123\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e ","brand":"Osprey Publishing","offers":[{"title":"Paperback \/ softback","offer_id":40595509149902,"sku":"9781841767123","price":20.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0600\/7029\/7806\/products\/getimage_08b80565-ffcb-4447-987b-ffdd9f6101f4.jpg?v=1637833861","url":"https:\/\/pickwickbookshop.com\/products\/9781841767123","provider":"Pickwick Bookshop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}